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Микроструктура и механические свойства среднемарганцевой стали, содержащей мультистабильный остаточный аустенит
Аннотация
Выполнено систематическое исследование влияния холодной прокатки в сочетании с целенаправленной термической обработкой на эволюцию микроструктуры и механические характеристики среднемарганцевой стали. Предложен новый процесс предварительной термической обработки, включающий изотермическое перлитное превращение и межкритический отжиг, для создания многофазной микроструктуры, состоящей из перлита, мартенсита и феррита. Последующий межкритический отжиг при различных температурах (700 – 760 °C) и продолжительности (3 – 7 мин) позволил точно контролировать морфологию, распределение химических элементов и стабильность остаточного аустенита (RA). Установлено, что температура отжига оказывает доминирующее влияние на рост зерен (феррита — до 0,95 – 1,40 мкм), содержание RА (21,3 – 28,1 %) и диффузию марганца (расстояние объемной диффузии: 6 – 15 нм), в то время как влияние длительности отжига на эти свойства менее значительное. После предварительной обработки при 730 °C в течение 5 мин сталь имеет наиболее высокий комплекс механических свойств: предел прочности при растяжении 1025 МПа; относительное удлинение 34 %, а относительное удлинение при пониженном пределе текучести (YPE) связано с эффектом пластичности, индуцированной превращением (TRIP), благодаря двойной стабильности RA. Тонкопленочный RА (9,94 % Mn) имеет более высокую стабильность, чем блочный RА (6,18 % Mn), что позволило осуществить последовательное мартенситное превращение во время деформации. Результаты исследования показывают перспективное направление создания среднемарганцевых сталей со сбалансированным сочетанием прочности и пластичности за счет модуляции стабильности, обусловленной микроструктурой.
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Литература
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.30906/mitom.2026.4.33-34
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