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Прогресс исследований в области селективного лазерного плавления и модифицирования редкоземельными элементами штамповой стали H13 (4Х5МФ1С) для горячей обработки
Аннотация
Проведен систематический анализ технических подходов к решению проблем высокой склонности к горячему растрескиванию, трудно контролируемой пористости и несоответствия между прочностью и пластичностью инструментальной стали H13 (4Х5МФ1С) для горячей обработки, которые возникают при изготовлении пресс-форм с конформными каналами охлаждения методами селективного лазерного плавления (SLM). Рассмотрены два подхода: оптимизация параметров технологического процесса SLM и микролегирование редкоземельными элементами. Проанализирована эффективность оптимизации параметров SLM для повышения комплекса механических свойств инструментальной стали. Рассмотрено влияние модифицирования редкоземельными элементами (La, Ce и Y) на морфологию карбидных включений и измельчение зерна. Описаны механизмы, с помощью которых включения фаз, содержащих редкоземельные элементы, вызывают гетерогенное зарождение и подавляют сегрегацию карбидов по границам зерен в структуре стали. Современные исследования показывают, что микролегирование редкоземельными элементами может эффективно повышать эксплуатационные свойства стали Н13, увеличивая ее производительность в значительно большей степени, чем только за счет контроля технологического процесса. Настоящее исследование предоставляет новую теоретическую основу и практическое направление для разработки высокоэффективных инструментальных сталей, специально предназначенных для селективного лазерного плавления.
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Литература
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