Классификация природоподобных подходов к созданию металлических материалов с иерархической организацией структуры методом селективного лазерного плавления
Аннотация
Предложена и экспериментально обоснована классификация биомиметических подходов, включающая пять типов: архитектурный, ламеллярный, композиционный, градиентный и дисперсионный. Для каждого типа определён природный прототип, механизм реализации в селективном лазерном плавлении (СЛП) и достигаемые свойства. Показано, что архитектурная биомимикрия (ТПМП-структуры) обеспечивает снижение эффективного модуля упругости титановых имплантатов до 7 – 14 ГПа, что соответствует диапазону костной ткани; ламеллярная биомимикрия в сплавах на основе TiAl позволяет управлять морфологией ламелей и достичь предел прочности при сжатии до 1740 МПа; композиционная биомимикрия в системе Ti – 13Nb – 13Zr – 5Cu способствует получению достаточно высокого предела прочности (1450 МПа) и низкого модуля упругости (89 ГПа); градиентная биомимикрия на границе Ti – 6Al – 4V/Ti – Ta формирует бездефектные переходные зоны с плавным изменением свойств; дисперсионная биомимикрия с введением наночастиц Y2O3 в жаропрочный сплав ВЖ159 повышает предел текучести на 15 – 30 %.
Ключевые слова
Литература
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.30906/mitom.2026.8.53-61
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