Открытый доступ Открытый доступ  Ограниченный доступ Доступ для подписчиков

Моделирование кинетики борирования стали AISI D2 с использованием двух разных подходов

М. Кеддам, М. Кулька

Аннотация


Проведено моделирование диффузии бора в слоях FeB и Fe2B при твердофазном борировании стали AISI D2 (аналог стали Х12МФ). Использованы два подхода для оценки коэффициентов диффузии при твердофазном борировании: концепция среднего значения коэффициента диффузии в двухфазной системе FeB - Fe2B и рассмотрение кинетики роста каждого из двух боридных слоев с использованием системы обычных дифференциальных уравнений, описывающих парциальные химические реакции по параболическому закону (метод Дыбкова). Рассчитаны энергии активации диффузии бора в слоях FeB и Fe2B на стали AISI D2. Для экспериментального подтверждения двух подходов использовано условие экстремального борирования. Проведен сравнительный анализ расчетных и литературных экспериментальных данных, показавший их хорошее совпадение.

Ключевые слова


борирование; бориды железа; диффузионная модель; кинетика; энергия активации; boriding; iron borides; diffusion model; kinetics; activation energy

Полный текст:

PDF

Литература


Sinha A. K. Boriding (boronizing) of steels // J. Heat Treatment. 1991. V. 4. P. 437 - 447.

Qiao X., Stock H. R., Kueper A., Jarms C. Effects of B(CH3O)3 content on a PACVD plasma-boriding process // Surf. Coat. Technol. 2000. V. 131. P. 291 - 293.

Pertek A., Kulka M. Characterization of complex (B + C) diffusion layers formed on chromium and nickel-based low-carbon steel // Appl. Surf. Sci. 2002. V. 202. P. 252 - 260.

Martini C., Palombarini G., Poli G., Prandstraller D. Sliding and abrasive wear behaviour of boride coatings // Wear. 2004. V. 256. P. 608 - 613.

Filep E., Farkas S. Kinetics of plasma-assisted boriding // Surf. Coat. Technol. 2005. V. 199. P. 1 - 6.

Kulka M., Makuch N., Pertek A., Maldzinski L. Simulation of the growth kinetics of boride layers formed on Fe during gas boriding in H2 - BCl3 atmosphere // Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 2014. V. 199. P. 196 - 203.

Keddam M., Kulka M., Makuch N. et al. A kinetic model for estimating the boron activation energies in the FeB and Fe2B layers during the gas-boriding of Armco iron: Effect of boride incubation times // Appl. Surf. Sci. 2014. V. 298. P. 155 - 163.

Kaouka A., Allaoui O., Keddam M. Properties of boride layer on borided SAE 1035 steel by molten salt // Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2014. V. 467. P. 116 - 121.

Campos I., Torres R., Bautista O. et al. Effect of boron paste thickness on the growth kinetics of polyphase boride coatings during the boriding process // Applied Surface Science. 2006. V. 252. P. 2396 - 2403.

Elias-Espinosa M., Ortiz-Domнnguez M., Keddam M. et al. Boriding kinetics and mechanical behavior of AISI O1 steel // Surface Engineering. 2015. V. 31. P. 588 - 597.

Anthymidis K. G., Stergioudis E., Tsipas D. N. Boriding in a fluidized bed reactor // Materials Letters. 2001. V. 51. P. 156 - 160.

Rodrнguez Cabeo E., Laudien G., Biemer S. et al. Plasma-assisted boriding of industrial components in a pulsed d.c. glow discharge // Surface and Coatings Technology. 1999. V. 116 - 119. P. 229 - 233.

Keddam M., Chegroune R., Kulka M. et al. Characterization, tribological and mechanical properties of plasma paste borided AISI 316 steel // Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals. 2018. V. 71. P. 79 - 90.

Цzhan Kayacan, Salim Şahin, Filiz Taştan. A study for boronizing process within non extensive thermostatistics // Mathematical and Computational Applications. 2010. V. 15. P. 14 - 24.

Campos-Silva I., Lуpez-Perrusquia N., Ortiz-Domнnguez M. et al. Characterization of boride layers formed at the surface of gray cast irons // Kovove Mater. 2009. V. 47. P. 75 - 81.

Ortiz-Domнnguez M., Flores-Renterнa M. A., Keddam M. et al. Simulation of the growth kinetics of Fe2B layers formed on gray cast irons during the powder-pack boriding process // Materials and Technology. 2014. V. 48. P. 905 - 916.

Elias-Espinosa M., Ortiz-Domнnguez M., Keddam M. et al. Growth kinetics of the Fe2B layers and adhesion on Armco iron substrate // Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 2014. V. 23. P. 2943 - 2952.

Keddam M., Ortiz-Domнnguez M., Elias-Espinosa M. et al. Kinetic investigation and wear properties of Fe2B layers on AISI 12L14 steel // Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 2018. V. 49. P. 1895 - 1907.

Campos-Silva I., Flores-Jimйnez M., Bravo Bбrcenas D. et al. Evolution of boride layers during a diffusion annealing process // Surface and Coatings Technology. 2017. V. 309. P. 155 - 163.

Campos I., Torres R., Ramнrez G. et al. Growth kinetics of iron boride layers: Dimensional analysis // Applied Surface Science. 2006. V. 252. P. 8662 - 8667.

Villa Velбzquez-Mendoza C. I., Rodrнguez-Mendoza J. L., Ibarra-Galvбn V. et al. Effect of substrate roughness, time and temperature on the processing of iron boride coatings: experimental and statistical approaches // Int. J. Surface Science and Engineering. 2014. V. 8. P. 71 - 91.

Campos I., Islas M., Ramнrez G., Villa Velбzquez C., Mota C. Growth kinetics of borided layers: Artificial neural network and least square approaches // Applied Surface Science. 2007. V. 253. P. 6226 - 6231.

Campos I., Islas M., Gonzбlez E. et al. Use of fuzzy logic for modeling the growth of Fe2B boride layers during boronizing // Surface and Coatings Technology. 2006. V. 201. P. 2717 - 2723.

Ramdan R. D., Takaki T., Tomita Y. Free energy problem for the simulations of the growth of fe2b phase using phase-field method // Materials Transactions. 2008. V. 49. P. 625 - 2631.

Kouba R., Keddam M., Kulka M. Modelling of the paste boriding process // Surface Engineering. 2015. V. 31. P. 563 - 569.

Campos-Silva I., Tadeo-Rosas R., Santos-Medina H. D., Lopez-Garcнa C. Boride Layers: Growth Kinetics and Mechanical Characterization. Encyclopedia of Iron, Steel, and Their Alloys: Five-Volume Set. Editors: Rafael Colбs, George E. Totten. (2015. DOI: 10.1081/E-EISA-120052666).;

Ugaste Y. On the interstitial phase growth kinetics at diffusional precipitation of metals // Chemical and Thermal Treatment of Metals and Alloys. Minsk: Belarus Technical Institute Press. 1977. P. 40 - 42.

Dybkov V. I. Effect of microstructure on the wear resistance of borided Fe - Cr alloys // International Journal of Materials Research. 2013. V. 104. P. 617 - 629.

Ratajski J. Model of growth kinetics of nitrided layer in the binary Fe - N system // Zeitschrift fьr Metallkunde. 2004. V. 95. P. 823 - 828.

Somers M. A. J., Mittemeijer E. J. Layer-growth kinetics on gaseous nitriding of pure iron: Evaluation of diffusion coefficients for nitrogen in iron nitrides // Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 1995. 26. 57 - 74.

Yu L. G., Chen X. J., Khor A. K., Sundararajan G. FeB/Fe2B phase transformation during SPS pack-boriding: Boride layer growth kinetics // Acta Mater. 2005. V. 53. P. 2361 - 2368.

Keddam M. Computer simulation of monolayer growth kinetics of Fe2B phase during the paste-boriding process: Influence of the paste thickness // Appl. Surf. Sci. 2006. V. 253. P. 757 - 761.

Ortiz-Domнnguez M., Elias-Espinosa M., Keddam M. et al. Growth kinetics and mechanical properties of Fe2B layers formed on AISI D2 steel // Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences. 2015. V. 22. P. 231 - 243.

Yu L. G., Khor K. A., Sundararajan G. Boriding of mild steel using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique // Surface and Coatings Technology. 2002. V. 157. P. 226 - 230.

Kartal G., Eryilmaz O. L., Krumdick G. et al. Kinetics of electrochemical boriding of low carbon steel // Applied Surface Science. 2011. V. 257. P. 6928 - 6934.

Sen S., Sen U., Bindal C. An approach to kinetic study of borided steels // Surface and Coatings Technology. 2005. V. 191. P. 274 - 285.

Genel K., Ozbek I., Bindal C. Kinetics of boriding of AISI W1 steel // Materials Science and Engineering A. 2003. V. 347. P. 311 - 314.

Genel K. Boriding kinetics of H13 steel // Vacuum. 2006. V. 80. 451 - 457.

Campos-Silva I., Ortiz-Dominguez M., Tapia-Quintero C. et al. Kinetics and boron diffusion in the FeB/Fe2B layers formed at the surface of borided high-alloy steel // J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 2012. V. 21. P. 1714 - 1723.

Keddam M., Kulka M. A kinetic model for the boriding kinetics of AISI D2 steel during the diffusion annealing process // Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces. 2018. V. 54. P. 282 - 290.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.30906/mitom.2019.12.13-20

© Издательский дом «Фолиум», 1998–2024